Generally speaking, the conversion of forests for other land uses, including pulp, oil palm, and soy plantations, pastures, settlements, roads and infrastructure. However the top 3 drivers are:

Cattle farming

Converting forest to pasture for beef cattle, largely in Latin America, is a primary driver that has destroyed 2.71 million hectares of tropical forest each year - an area about the size of the state of Massachusetts - in just four countries.

Soybean farming

Growing global demand for meat-free and dairy-free products has contributed to the doubling of soybean production in the last 20 years.Every year around 480,000 hectares is deforested for soy in major soy-producing countries.

Wood products

Perhaps the most iconic symbol of forest destruction, wood production has been shown to cause around 380,000 hectares of deforestation annually in key countries, though the actual number is likely higher. Read more

Illegal logging occurs in all types of forests across all continents – from Brazil to Indonesia – destroying nature and wildlife, taking away community livelihoods and distorting trade. Illegally harvested wood finds its way into major consumption markets, such as the U.S., and European Union, which further fuels the cycle.

According to the WWF reports, Orangutans, Sumatran Elephant, Bornean Pygmy Elephant, Sumatran Rhino are on the verge of extinction because of unsustainable oil palm cultivation.

When grown unsustainably, oil palm agriculture can have damaging impacts on the environment but when grown sustainably, palm oil is a product that can have a positive impact on people and the planet.

Conventionally, palm oil plantations are cultivated on existing agriculture land or after clearing forests or peatlands (a form of wetland). Two types of oil can be produced from the fruit of oil palm trees. Crude palm oil is produced by squeezing the fleshy fruit, and palm kernel oil comes from crushing the kernel, or the seed in the middle of the fruit.

Around 85% of the world’s oil palms are grown in Malaysia and Indonesia, which are home to some of the most bio-diverse tropical forests found on earth.

It’s possible to choose products without palm oil, but other oil crops are not as versatile and actually need up to 10x more land to get the same amount of oil, with a few yielding as little as 10% of the yield of oil palms. Instead, you can look for products made from sustainable palm oil or it’s derivatives. Read more

No. Palm oil continues to be produced in Malaysia and Indonesia using sustainable and unsustainable practices. India imports approximately 9 million metric tonnes of palm oil every year and is the world’s largest importer. In fact, a ban on palm oil can cause more damage than good.

A boycott of palm oil means companies buy alternative oils and derivatives that require 4-10 times more land and other resources and that could cause more damage to the environment, including biodiversity loss. Oil palms produce roughly 35% of the world’s vegetable oil on less than 10% of the land allocated to oil crops. More stringent regulations, ethical practices for sustainable production/trade and a shift in norms to bring down the carbon footprint is needed now more than ever.

There are many names, but here are just a few examples:

• PKO – Palm Kernel Oil
• PKO fractionations: Palm Kernel Stearin (PKs); Palm Kernel Olein (PKOo)
• OPKO – Organic Palm Kernel Oil
• Palmitate – Vitamin A or Asorbyl Palmitate
• Palmate
• Sodium Laureth Sulphate
• Sodium Lauryl Sulphates

Palm oil is omnipresent and used as an edible or non-edible ingredient in approximately 50% of everyday use products like cooking oil (including blended oils and fats) biscuits, bread, snacks, chocolates, cakes, burgers, pizzas, ice-cream, lipsticks, soaps, shampoo, toothpaste, cosmetics, surfactants, cleaning products, detergents, biodiesel and many more.

Palm oil is extremely versatile and has many different properties and functions. It is resistant to oxidation and gives products a longer shelf life, it is stable at high temperatures which gives fried food a crunchy texture, and it is also colourless and odourless and does not alter the look or smell of food.

Yes. When grown sustainably, a space is created where oil palm agriculture and the environment can co-exist, protect primary and secondary forests, and ensure the habitats of wildlife are not harmed. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) was established to develop sustainable practices through credible, global certification standards to ensure we no longer need to cut down forests or harm wildlife to grow oil palms.

Until such time as sustainable palm oil becomes ‘the norm’, it’s important for consumers to understand that there are different ways in which palm oil can be produced. Labeling products that contain Certified Sustainable Palm Oil (CSPO) and the use of the RSPO Trademark on products are simple ways for consumers who do not know anything about palm oil, to easily identify ‘good’ palm oil.

Yes, the list of such companies is available at this link

Several multinational businesses have made commitments on sustainable palm oil. These commitments are reflected in their policies and releases as mentioned below, some of these companies are:

HUL

Hindustan Unilever is making progress towards a sustainable palm oil supply chain through a clear strategy and implementation plan. Read more

P&G

Procter & Gamble has unequivocally committed to zero deforestation in our palm supply chain and are using our innovation strength to drive positive change in the industry. Read more

Ferrero

Ferrero Group reaches the goal of 100% certified segregated RSPO sustainable palm fruit oil and goes beyond. Read more

Mars

‘Palm Positive Plan’ aims to deliver 100% deforestation-free palm oil by the end of 2020 and advance respect for human rights across our suppliers’ extended supply chains. Read more

The Body Shop

Source of sustainable palm oil has been independently audited and as such confirmed as not leading to deforestation, endangering the natural habitat of wildlife, or impacting negatively on biodiversity. Read more

RSPO is working with various local organisations, oil palm farmers and mills in Andhra Pradesh, which produces the highest volume of palm oil in India. The goal of this initiative is to educate farmers about best practices for sustainable agriculture, which leads to an increase in yield, income, market engagement, and an overall improvement of livelihood for these rural families and communities.

A global standard for Sustainable Palm Oil Production.

RSPO oil palm grower members have committed to some of the strictest agricultural standards worldwide, with

• NO Deforestation
• NO New Planting on Peatlands
• NO Fire
• NO Exploitation of Workers

These are just some of the more than 160 principles and seven criteria at the core of RSPO’s certification standards, called the 2018 RSPO’s Principles and Criteria (P&C).

They are reviewed every five years via public consultation, followed by member agreement on a consensus basis for any changes or additions.